Month: August 2016

The Broken Window channeling Saki

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  1. Try to restructure the narrative of the story so that a different character undergoes the transformation.
    Re-structure the narrative of Saki’s story of “The Open Window”

Now “The Broken Window”
“My aunt will be most unhappy, Miss Nuttel,” said the somewhat rattled young man; “You must come down immediately”.
As she swung a final, large arc on the brightly-lit antique chandelier, the beautiful Framtona Nuttel knew she was behaving outrageously. Especially in front of another perfect, interesting other. His aunt’s arrival was imminent, so she smoothed down her long, shiny hair, re-arranged her long strands of pearls, and reluctantly acknowledged, to herself, it was vital she create a superb first impression with the oldies. Now was a time to showcase herself and her particular talents. She dropped lithely down onto the carpet.
“With your perverse sense of humour you will definitely have fun.” Her girlfriend was absolutely correct when she told Framtona of this hidden country village. “A group of the usual eccentric, odd English. There’s always somebody around our own age. Our whole family spends months at a time down there – doing boring, disgustingly healthy things. There’s often other young guests – I’ve stayed a few times. Everyone our age goes out of their minds – eating salad all day… only wheat-grass juice to wash it down…. Ughh! ” So, I’ve asked Mummy and she’s written you letters to introduce…. just go down for a few weeks, you will create havoc in that uptight society – I know it!”
“Come closer… I like you… what’s your name? And what do you do for fun down here? Are there any discos around here, or do you have a fast car – so we can escape – do somewhere exciting?” asked Framtona, as she reclined on the carpet, a seductive smile playing on her lips. The young man stayed where he was: “Fun? Here?… You must be mad, it’s so quiet. No discos. No cars here. Even the bus out only stops once every two weeks, as nothing ever happens here. We are so totally boring.” He regarded Framtona warily, almost as if he had found a wild beast on the loose in the house. “And, although I can’t imagine why you are asking me, my name’s Alex.”
Framtona said: “Oh, I like you, and, Alex, you have the wrong idea. That event before? … really, I’m absolutely harmless. I just want to have a bit of fun…. and I’ve never swung from a real chandelier. before…. just toooo tempting.” Framtona looked fondly up at the chandelier. Gorgeous.” “He’s rather good looking,” thought Framtona to herself, as she rose lithely, moved closer to Alex.
“You are trouble, I can tell!” said Alex, “and my mother’s not here now. My Aunt is extremely delicate and nervous – unlike my mother, she likes everything just so. She also has a very short fuse…. can I see your letter?” Framtona fished a crumpled envelope out of her skirt pocket and handed it over. Alex took the document, moved a little away and quickly read the contents. He looked up…. “Oh, oh, I see, the Osborne side of the family recommended you, to my mother. That explains a lot; Oliviana’s trouble, too.”
“Oh, that’s so unfair! I’m no trouble – although all this Nature frightens me quite a bit.” She shivered. “And, why on earth would you say that about Oliviana? She’s my very best friend, a darling, quiet as a mouse – most of the time!”
“You see that great big boarded-up part of this room? There was a marvellous window there. One you could walk through, straight out onto the terrace, the lawn. Until this time last year, when Oliviana set up a great big bucket of Supaglue on the top sill. She fixed it so it spilled all over some of the family who were just returning, with the dog, through that window. Coming back from a fox hunt. It’s been boarded up ever since, as the whole pane of glass had to be removed – along with all of them – dog included. They all instantly stuck to to the glass, and the ambulance had to come. Load them all in – together – and take them to the hospital. They weren’t hurt though it took days to remove the glue. Some didn’t come off. The glass was as ancient as the house and the glass panes were handblown. So there was a big conservation job to do, and that’s taking months. Oliviana’s an animal lover. Just so I know – what are you?”
As she closed in on Alex again, that last statement caught Framtona a little off-guard. Did it indicate Alex may have a few more brains than she had calculated, she wondered? “Oh, I’m Australian! Is that what you mean… or, I love animals too! Though I’m really, really scared – half to death – of some of the bigger ones” Framtona shivered, then smiled. “But, I’m good at cooking, too! But really what I love most, is fun. More than anything else! And, I want to avoid being bored – I want excitement… I want a bit of danger. And I love laughing!” She laughed as she put her arm through Alex’s. He gave her the letter, which she put back into her pocket. Swishing her skirts coquettishly, Framtona flashed Alex her winning, most seductive look.
“You are trouble, I can feel it.” growled Alex, looking down at her. Then he appeared to soften, moved, took her hand. Together they walked out through a set of French windows, onto a terrace. Alex smiled at her: ” No more playing about now. My mother is in London for a fortnight.” Framtona fluttered her eyelashes at him, and he smiled again. “Aunt Gywnndolina will welcome you properly as our guest. Come and sit next to me – in the summerhouse, for a bit. Calm down” The house stood in its lovely garden, quite a way from the road. In the late afternoon it was still, beautiful in the summerhouse, yet Framtona was puzzled by a shaking she felt through her feet. Through the beams of slanting English-summer sunlight, Framtona saw something approaching rapidly across the lawn. A rather large bear.
“Hellooo… Alex!” came a muffled hail. Alex waved a happy greeting, “Thought you were throwing your hurley again, today, Aunt Gywnndolina! How’d you go?” “The bear plonked down next to Alex. “Ah, no, Alex, no throwing, not today… just the regular ‘clash of the ash’ – Yes, a really good game. To celebrate we girls put our big fake fun-furs on. Then we went running around. Growling. Even went into the park for a bit! I love a good practical joke – all really good, clean fun – all above board, mostly! We scared a few nature-lovers, I think. Didn’t we all laugh, then! Aunt Gywnndolina took off the bear-head, smiled, showing a few gaps where teeth were missing.
“Who’s that? Pretty little thing…. did she go upstairs? Now..? I wonder why on earth… she’s staying? oh, I do hope so! She looks fit, and we’ve another game tomorrow! I’ve an extra hurley stick – she can have it. ” Alex said: “That’s Framtona, and yes, she is staying with us – for two weeks!” He smiled as his aunt became wildly excited: “Oh, there’s a slinky panther costume in the cupboards upstairs – it would fit her perfectly!” Alex nodded: “I know she is a wonderful climber.” “Perfect! – Will you come with us, Alex? After the game we can go out in the woods again. With her! we’ll run around, growling – and have some fun!”
Alex gave his Aunty Gywnndolina – a great big bear hug, and a kiss. “Purrfect” he said, smiling.

The Broken Window channeling Saki

my 2016 JB thoughts for P

susanneahLeave a comment

Lancaster
INTRODUCTION
South African Greg Mills’ (2014) draws on personal life experiences to write about how to affect positive change – on the scale of “country” (p. 1). Traumatised societies are Mills’ primary targets for reform and he seeks to identify their “operations, drivers and symptoms” (p. 28). During his professional life Mills has identified “local politics, customs and rules” as any society’s most important factors and now, schooled by his high-level career, he sets the context for a new “common path” in our constantly-changing world.

Mills (2014) concentrates on three specific issues:
“why and how some states are fragile;
where and why reforms succeed and [how] some states recover
and the role of insiders and outsiders in this process” (p. 6).

KEY IDEA 1
Mills (2014) is determined to identify, develop and work in a “different and long-term operating system” ( p. ?). He asks why some efforts:

improve serious matters
are highly successful

Mills has decided his new system will require the “people, governance and infrastructure”, to have the same goals. To structure this system “strategy, institutions, policy and leadership” must all be fully incorporated within the recovery structure (p. 29).

KEY IDEA 2 – SINEK
Sinek contributes a vital idea to Mills’ fledgling system: that any participant motivation should emanate from places “beyond just the need to make money”. He emphasises how it is imperative participants appreciat[e] the real purpose of the organisation to keep uppermost the “people and social currency” (cited by Mills, 2014, pp. 28, 29).
KEY IDEA 3
Mills has seen the real power in Sinek’s “just-beyond profit” views – in some of the global arenas he worked are some of the still more than 1.1 billion very poor people, and has learned first-hand, in-situ, how most economically-constrained individuals live in countries that either do not or soon will not work properly (p. 1). Mills focusses on the lessening of poverty, which he maintains is “principally a result of economic growth”. In fragile and failing states, and recovering states, Mills saw, and now knows: the “underlying conditions” (p. xii) must first be identified. Only then is it possible to design and construct successful “different” reforms.

MILLS’ KEY IDEA 4
From his own experiences, Mills (2014) knows those underlying conditions will remain essential parts of “the road from state weakness to strength”. He illustrates this with quotes by Singapore’s elder statesman S. R. Nathan, who says: “low income countries cannot escape the low-income model in creating jobs”, and describes the “common faith” of the early American society, how its individuals did not instantly demand the type of democracy in existence in America today (Nathan, cited by Mills, 2014, p. 467).

Nathan describes those early American workers, how they started off with a “low-skills” base, and got into “the chain” (pp. 467, 468). Although it takes hard work, once in the chain, “as demand goes up, so pay goes up” (cited by Mills, 2014, p. 467). Since Singapore first began its rise to prosperity “increased productivity… [is] viewed as the key to job creation” (p. 464).

KEY IDEA 5 – NATHAN
Nathan emphasises: “security, labour relations, economic policy, foreign investment, promotion” are the essential building blocks (cited by Mills, 2014, p. 466), and Mills explains: improvement in local production, and thus quality of life, only follows along with the development of “better security, governance and policy” (p. 2).

KEY IDEA 6
While Mills (2014) says outsiders must be aware their engagement will, inevitably, fall within places that contain complicated “political circumstances” (p. xii), Mills encourages informed outsiders, says it is here informed, thoughtful and flexible “outsiders” can provide positive support to “insiders” (pp. xii, 1), and while slow in failed or fragile states, they assist in development, and provide gateways to improvements in economics and production.

KEY IDEA 7
Mills believes reforms should always be “problem-driven”, although in this Africa is very different in Singapore, where reform is ongoing and successful. In Singapore improvements begin when “someone identifyi[es] a “best practice” reform. Mills explains Singapore never stops there, but immediately goes through “a step-by-step process of experimentation and learning” (p. 464). His analyses show Singapore always uses a “broad engagement by myriad players… who ensure that the emergent solutions will actually work and who ulitmately owns the results”.

KEY IDEAS 8, 9, 10
Matt Andrews (2012), of Harvard, states there are three key lines of success:
prioritise
then identify and remove impediments
thereafter stick to the decided plan – & – maintain the will to succeed
(cited by Mills, 2014, p. 467).

KEY POINT 11
Andrews emphasises “accountability” (cited by Mills, 2014, p. 467), and Nathan says “you cannot protect the employed at the expense of the unemployed”. He describes his nation’s productivity and “growth as the essential glue and moderator of extremism” (cited by Mills, 2014, p. 466). Mills says this growth is hardly possible without valid government. He explains that today “political power is… easier to obtain… but… harder to retain and to use”. Mills calls this a “diffusion” of power, and emphasises this political failure has dangerous, powerful links to “asymetrical warfare”.

KEY POINT 12
Mills associates these dangers with a further factor he describes as an “absence of an over-riding plan by outsiders” (p. 4). Holland (June, July, 2016), in two recent articles obliquely provides analyses of this matter. He explores the horrifying results of outsider involvement in Syria. He discusses the enrichment of some traditional, established US-military components – supportive, pro-active activities, coming out of climate-change concerns. These aim to protect, and maintain peace, and are held in areas the military identified as soon to be at risk of conflict. The military actions may be encouraging actions in a critical arena, may be identified as types of “cultural templates and methods people use to organize their worlds and create their identifies” (Lull, 2007).

KEY POINT 13
As Lull (2007) explains, now templates and methods fluctuate: “to such an extent that the very meaning of culture is changing” (Lull, 2007), and a big difference is these military pro-active initiatives are prior to conflict. Like Singapore’s model they are “problem driven”, are borne out of a will and determination to reduce conflict. For many reasons these military decisions sync with Mills, wrestling with problems such as revealed by Oxfam: “conflict shrinks the economies of affected African countries by at least 15 per cent per year” (2014, p. 2).

KEY POINT 14 – ANDREWS
Andrews provides a summary of most of the above when he states:
“An improved reform approach takes shape after the analysis of interventions that have yielded more functional governments. This approach, called problem-driven iterative adaptation (PDIA),7 is akin to the way one imagines carpenters craft pegs to fit real holes – where the process is as important as the product. This process begins with problem identification, given the argument that reforms are more likely to fit their contexts when crafted as responses to locally defined problems. Relevant solutions – those that are politically acceptable and practically possible – emerge through a gradual process of step-by-step experimentation to solve such problems. This process yields solutions that resemble bricolaged hybrids blending external and internal ideas. The solutions arise through engagements between many agents playing multiple functional roles, and not solitary champions (Andrews, 2012).

KEY POINT 15 – HOLLAND
Holland discusses initiatives good for both insiders and outsiders, which are not reactive engagements via negative conflict. They may exemplify “global integration, modernity, risk, and progress” (Friedman, cited by Lull, 2007), become positive, global aspects of Lull’s views that; “today the scope, speed and consequences… stand out from any other historical period” (2007). While these military initiatives are planned to, and will ultimately, and in many ways, probably protect Western futures (Holland, 2016), these activities will also positively assist less-fortunate “insiders” (Mills, 2014).

Mills (2014) reminds readers terrorism acts in Western countries can emanate from these “fragile” societies (p. xii). He explains how “unfairness and alienation” imposed on individuals who originate in failed societies (p. xii). These individuals, he says, can generate tragic acts in the West (p. 1), as terrorism may originate in these “loser” societies, but is “unlikely to remain at home” (p. 1).

Holland’s July 2016 describes the American military, a most important subject in Western society though it seems various strange, contradictory nexus exist. For example, today (in Australia) “Western-society”, members generally seem to reserve deep admiration those who protect ‘our’ society, culture – and our children’s future. Furthermore, ‘we’ remember, revere, and very often grieve and regret sincerely, and deeply respect, the military’s countless numbers who perish.

Yet, in tandem with the above solidarity many Western citizens now consider warfare unacceptable, entirely alien, and as spectre. Today much of the Western populace’s thinking about the military is difficult and complicated: honour mixed with revulsion, admiration with grief, respect with confusion, joy with sadness. In these current 4-year planning cycle of the US Department of Defence, the new direction, climate-change-directed programmes may also help resolve these very complicated, (and extraordinarily valuable), Western social and cultural binary values.

KEY POINT 16 – PERKINS
Mills calls essential the “domestic learning processes, and the necessity for space to be left for these processes to take effect” (p. xii). Mills views on education in this environment seem to be similar to holistic education, the value of which: ” lies in its responsiveness to the diverse learning styles and needs of evolving human beings… [and is] the art of cultivating the moral, emotional, physical, psychological and spiritual dimensions (2016). Perkins (2016) echoes each of these when he says he learned early in his Peace Corp years, and thereafter, over many years, one positive and useful technique to empower ‘insiders’ is to encourage and assist them to set up their own structures, (such as co-ops), slowly, learning as they go, and thus provide strength and support to each other (p. 30).

KEY POINT 17 – OBAMA
On 20 July, 2016 President Obama addressed “a lot of do-gooders in one room”. He explained he’s seen the substantial benefits in local and global capacity-building.
The President states: global development is not “charity. [He says:] In an increasingly interconnected world, it’s a crucial investment in the security and prosperity of us all.
When children cannot go to school, or businesses lack reliable roads or electricity, that holds back entire economies. Where poverty and despair take root, conflict, instability, and violent extremism can flourish. Fragile and failing states can incubate or exacerbate a wide range of threats that spill across borders — from pandemics to nuclear proliferation, human trafficking to climate change” (The White House, 20 July, 2016).

The President’s 2016 speech followed from 2010 in the United Nations, when President Obama said: “In our global economy, progress in even the poorest countries can advance the prosperity and security of people far beyond their borders, including my fellow Americans” (The White House, 20 July, 2016). Perhaps these positive actions will recall ‘the Americans’ actions – in earlier world theatres of war when that military was viewed more positively by others’ communities with whom they engaged.

Reference
Andrews, M. (2012). The Limits of Institutional Reform in Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Holland, A. (July, 2016). Preventing Tomorrow’s Climate Wars. Scientific American. Volume 314, Number 6. 53-57.
New York, NY: Nature America Inc.

Infed. (2016). A brief introduction to holistic education.
from: http://infed.org/mobi/a-brief-introduction-to-holistic-education/

Perkins, J. (2016). The New Confessions of an Economic Hit Man.
London, UK: Random House.

Mills (2014). Why States Recover: Changing walking societies into winning nations – from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe. Johanneburg: Picador Africa (Pan MacMillan).

The White House, 20 July, 2016.
from: https://www.whitehouse.gov/campaign/globaldevelopment

my 2016 JB thoughts for P

Maximise your interview: good communication 16 May, 2016

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REPORT

Maximise your interview:
good communication

Date of submission: 16 May, 2016

for general readership

Susanne Lorraine Harford

INTRODUCTION

This report analyses one particular interview, it, as Grellier and Goerke (2010) say, “mak[es] meaning from that text” (p. 17). This interview with an individual was conducted during a specific period, and in a particular, though dynamic social environment of “global integration, modernity, risk, and progress” (Lull, p. 52).This report’s primary objective is to examine the positive effects of three groupings of interpersonal communication techniques, used by the interviewer throughout this assignment. The primary research showed a combination of interpersonal communication techniques have benefits: venue and tone; some types of non-verbal communication; question type and mix; all of which are added to pro-active listening and thinking (Jarvey, Week 9, S1, 2016) and strong management. This tiny report is in stages: introduction, preparation, interview, and report development and is made up of small steps as Bilefield (April, 2016) recommends in this digital age. Yet it is founded in, and straddles, an enormous subject. This report ends with a conclusion and eight recommendations.
1.0 PREPARATION

The interview was held in April, 2016, in Johannesburg, South Africa. The interviewer is: Australian, woman, 70s, Caucasian, educated, pro bono worker. The chosen interviewee is: James Smith, Australian, male, 30s, Caucasian, educated, employed professional. The parties occasionally work together in teams. Both appear to fit Hofestede’s (1997) description of the ability to deal with change. Each live and work in an established,
western-world global social environment (personal experience, 1980-2016).

Although that society operates globally, it’s “culture… or beliefs or values that give meaning to ways of life and produce” (Crang, 1998, p. 2) it changes. While now driving force remains economics (Bonnett, 2004), today this society’s “cultural geography” (Crang, 1998, p. 2) is the digital-information era, where democracy is foundering (Bonnett, 2004). In this environment, as Grellier and Goerke (2010) say, communication is “not a single process” (p. 17).

1.1 Initial meeting (refer also to Appendix 6.1)
As the objective of this report is to assess communication techniques, at the initial meeting the interviewer checked interpersonal compatibility (ECU RPS1100 Unit Plan, S1, 2016)
2.0 INTERVIEW
The interviewee is an expert on the crowd-fund sector. The interviewer’s first questions, or small steps (Bilefield, April, 2016) focussed on that specific digital subject (appendix 1). Those questions were deliberately chosen to relax the interviewee (appendix 6.1). These questions created comfortable entry into the more speculative questions about the internet (appendix 6.1.1).

2.1 Analysis: Communication factors’ positive impact

2.1.1 VENUE and TONE
pleasant surroundings and physical comfort
friendly communication and warm engagement
awareness of impact of age difference

Communications, as King says, are complicated because “psychological… relational… situational… environmental… cultural” factors all play their part (7 April, 2016). Those factors are kept in mind in this analysis of an interview whose subject is: “The internet: is it a force for good or evil?”

The positive effect of the venue could be seen. Crouch explains “understanding the culture that surrounds” is an essential component in the design of communications created to convey to others our “… ideas about [our culture] and [our] perceived place in it” (1999).

The interview was assisted by the tone, which was helped by the type and location of venue: a quiet, pleasant, room. Upon entry and warm welcome, the interviewee relaxed visibly. Comfortable, neutral-coloured chairs set at oblique angles ensured the parties faced outwards. This configuration allowed the interviewer to make subtle posture adjustments to match the interviewee.

2.1.2 NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
interviewer-mirrored interviewee posture adjustments
active listening and verbal adjustments by interviewer
use of “chronemics”, or pause before replying (Oxford Reference, 2016)
regular eye contact, or “mutual gaze” (Oxford Reference, 2016)

Kinesics showed the interviewee relaxed back in the chair. There were thoughtful pauses to look at the pleasant view. This clearly gained time. The interviewer “negotiate[d] the relationship” (Hargie,2011) with mirrored
posture and gave respect to timing (figure 1).

Morris (1991, figure 1) demonstrates how a physical pause assists in
reasoning: perhaps this also occurs during interpersonal communication. Crouch (1991) says communicators “… work in a culture that conforms to certain ideological principles (sets of governing ideas) [these can] determine the way in which [ideas] are both presented and understood”. Relaxed body and non-verbal language, subtle face expressions, gentle yet animated voice, body configuration, choice of clothing show the interviewee
enjoyed this “face-to-face” (Oxford Reference, 2016) experience.
The age-related communication differences of the interviewer’s ” … task and mental abilit[y]” compromises … [and] reduction in everyday competence levels” Willis (1991) are taken into consideration (figure 2).

Figure 2: (Willis, 1991). Shows impact of age-related factors on competence.

The interviewee “… communicate[d] successfully … [and] underst[ood the audience’s] expectations” (Crouch, 1999). The body contact, or haptics
(Oxford Reference, 2016) occurred upon handshake at beginning and end of encounters.The interviewee made regular eye contact at key points.
2.1.3 QUESTION TYPE and MIX
a dynamic mix of structured and unstructured questions
“the power of words” (Bilefield, April, 2016) fully employed
helped refine the interview guide (appendix 6.1)

2.2 Writing the report
The preparation stage built the foundation for the single interview. There also the report stage began. The initial meeting was important, a window of primary research. Cultural similarities became mutually clear. The interview followed in a specific social and cultural mode, in time and place. It provided primary factual evidence in this report. Jarvey’s (9 May, 2016) advice applied thoroughout the assignment, (figure 3). It helped in the report-writing and editing stages.

Figure 3: Wise Words by Ali Jarvey (9 May, 2016).

Key initial information: essential, fundamental, social, cultural,
provided report background. As Bilefield (April, 2016), says of
investigations of the cultural: “the hardest part of a successful digital transformation… [is a] proverbial journey of a thousand miles”. Research was essential: to amplify the information gained at the early meeting and better understand the context.
This writer acknowledges the considerable level of relevant digital date available in this era, and this report deals with only a fraction.
3.0 CONCLUSION
This report met the objective and is a personal record of one interpersonal0communication, in a specific social, cultural context, in the digital era. A mix of primary research began at the first meeting. Secondary research had established the cultural and social theoretical base.Communication theory helped the interviewer understand how to create an integrated approach. Active listening and learning provided strength and refinement to a
prior-established communication base. The initial meeting displayed some
mutual social and cultural values. Non-verbal communications had an affect on questions planned for the interview. In the interview the choice of venue and a relaxed, friendly tone, and mirroring of behaviour further
enhanced the same positive results. Continued active listening, wide
research, and reflection, underpinned the analysis of the interview and its conversation. Analysis shows positive results came from choice of venue, meeting tone, watching and sometimes mirroring non-verbal
communications, reflections on and manipulation of question types.The key techniques are thus to listen and think, choose the optimum interview venue, present with a friendly tone, observe and consider all non-verbal communication clues. The careful structure of question types and preparation to work within a dynamic mix of these factors provides further benefits.

4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
These eight interpersonal communication techniques below recently proved successful in this era in western society. A major outcome was that the success of this interpersonal communication techniques, in this interview, appear to have relied strongly upon interviewer abilities: active observational powers, to quickly make valid decisions, to implement meaningful and relevant changes. In particular active-listening-with-learning appears to be the pivotal in-interview skill/s. This links with the ability to quickly analyse and make decisions to benefit the interpersonal communication, and thereafter subtly and successfully implement those changes into interview components in meaningful ways.

research and reflection: continual craft of communication tools
build a great interview guide: consider, adjust, and use
construct constant communication: for inter-party compatibility
plan, structure carefully and manage throughout: venue and tone:
listen actively about all: think about, act on incoming information
when/if to mirror: gain non-verbal communication compatibility
mix of flexible questions: monitor and change as needed
manage all potential communication benefits consciously

 

5.0 REFERENCE

Bilefield, Article. (April 2016). Digital transformation:
The three steps to success.
In McKinsey Digital and Marketing & Sales Practices. Barr Seitz.

Bonnett, A. (2004). The Idea of the West: Culture, Politics and History. Houndmills: Macmillan Palgrave.

Crang, M. (1998). Place or Space? Cultural Geography.
London, UK: Routledge.

ECU RPS1100 Unit Plan.(S1, 2016). Task 2. Analytical report

Grellier, J., and Goerke, V. (2010). Communication skills toolkit:
Unlocking the secrets of tertiary success.(3rd. Ed).
South Melbourne, Australia: Cengage Learning Australia.

Hargie, (2011). Skilled Interpersonal Communication:
Research, theory and practice. (5th Ed). Hove, East Sussex, UK: Routledge.

Hofstede, G. (1997). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the mind.
New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill

Jarvey, A. (9 May, 2016). ECU BlackBoard. RPS1100,
Discussion Board. S1, 2016. Week 10.

Jarvey, A. (Week 9, S1,2016). ECU RPS1100. Slide 3, Lecture Notes.
King, D. (7 April, 2016). Three Classes of Vocalised Pause. Donn Kings’ Corner. from: http://donnellking.com/blog/2016/04/three-classes-of-vocalized-pause/#more-6054

Lull, J. (2007). Culture-on-demand: Communication in a crisis world.
Melbourne, Australia: Blackwell.

Oxford Reference. (2016). definition of Chronemics. from:
http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095611277

Oxford Reference. (2016). definition of Face-to-face. from:
http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199568758.001.0001/acref-9780199568758-e-0942?rskey=j7AIEV&result=1879

Oxford Reference. (2016). definition of Haptics. from:
http://www.oxfordreference.com/searchq=haptics&searchBtn=Search&isQuickSearch=true

Oxford Reference. (2016). Eye contact. from:
http://www.oxfordreference.com/search?q=e+contact&searchBtn=Search&isQuickSearch=true

Willis, S. L. (1991). Cognition and everyday competence.
In K. W. Schaie, and M. P. Lawton (Eds.), (1991).
Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics. (80-109).
New York, NY, USA: Springer.

6.0 APPENDIX

6.1 Interview Guide:
6.1.1 Interview
INTERVIEW LENGTH: 20-30 minutes
NUMBER OF INTERVIEWER QUESTIONS: 11 questions
TYPE: 2 open (lead-in). 8 specific. 1 closing question

First Question (open)
“Please tell me about the role of crowd-fund. On the internet?”
Specific questions used in the interview
2. “Can you expand on that – about crowd-fund being a shop?”
3. “Shops are pretty familiar places: do you mean a crowd-fund is set up in a way most people already understand?”
4. “Does the understandable crowd-fund shop (people go for money) – have other benefits?”
5. “Why is crowd-fund a tool – what sort of tool?”

Sixth Question (open)
“Your overall view of the internet, it’s a force? Is it for good or evil?”
Further specific questions
7. “The internet is neither good or bad – It’s another tool – a good tool?”
8. “For the internet to be good for the user they must learn it?”
9. “You say the internet is no longer optional – is that good?”
10. “So, neither good or bad. Doesn’t that cut down individual’s options – isn’t that bad?”

Closing Question
11. Thank you. I appreciate your time. It’s been great. Talking with you has opened my eyes about the internet – there anything you’d like to know? OK to ring you next week – if I need to clarify any point? Thanks again.”
6.1 Interview Guide:
6.1.2 decisions and organisation
Initial Ideas on how to conduct the assessment.
Communication is a dynamic process. It is strongly affected by place, society and place (life-time personal experience, 1950-2016). Research, learn, think about and apply relevant theory.

spend effort and time on pre-preparation
identify social/cultural/era (digital eta)
psychology/relations/situation/environment/cultural
too much theory available (digital era)

Understand this dynamic process:
create plan
associated timesheet
maintain both right up to date

Apply current social, cultural conventions
Build and maintain premier communication environment:
record, watch and adjust personal performance
search for all levels of plan and performance
choose how to dress
be aware of any weaknesses
build on strengths
adjust for threats
take advantage of opportunities

Periods of reflection throughout entire campaign
Begin draft report early
read current, comparative interviews and reports
continually adjust plan and keep to deadline

  1. 1 Interview Guide:
    6.1.3 pre-preparation notes
    In the Week 9 set reading: Professional Communications:

“Do not take lightly… the “structured interaction… [which is the] Interview”.
Explain this “basic professional tool” may be developed into a strong vehicle for achieving success – in a number of unseen ways.

It is important to learn how to maximise the learning benefits inherent in the interview , as it is now a fully structured and regulated mode of gaining information not necessarily readily available in other ways, and, it “standarise[s]
information-gathering”.

A “more rigid pattern of rules” applies and the interview works to formalise relationships “by setting them on a professional level”.

To gain the maximum actual “information exchange” and to catch the desired data it is necessary to imagine, design and create an efficient communication structure well beforehand, and to reflect upon that structure before use.

All of which takes time, especially as there are “many extraneous factors” to know about, and to take into account – “Interviews are [not] straightforward, standardised speech events… [they are] complex”.

Thus “each interview task has to be analysed in relation to the particular situation at hand”

Some examples in interviews:
the “question-answer sequence plays a much larger role than most casual conversations”
the communication has “little to do with generating shared understandings”
“may not be in the interests of both parties”
“may inhibit as well as enable communication”
“unlikely… [both parties] will have the same idea of what should occur”
“different understandings of the purpose and nature of the interaction”
“can lead to considerable confusion”

  1. 1 Interview Guide:
    6.1.3 pre-preparation notes

Thus
Agree to:
1. share information
2. set some mutual goals
3. clarify problems as they arise
4. allow:
attitudes
beliefs of any/all kind
behaviours
persuasive behaviours
commitments
understand any problems and attempt to find
solutions – find information (take break)
probes
backtracks
reactions
In this interview I conduct what is the objective?
its “primary purpose”?
“the degree of structure” necessary?
the optimum “setting”?
“other significant variables”
Keep in mind, “information is generated out of interaction” and when the interview’s PRIMARY PURPOSE[S] are decided – these are never “simple gathering process[es]”. Listen closely.

PRIMARY PURPOSE[S]
information-gathering/evaluation/problem-solving

A. Information: needs more structure: i.e., date of interview, age, gender, background, occupation, location
less structure: personal experiences (who/what/when/why/how), discuss issues, provide expert comments

B. Evaluation: needs less structure: “new ideas/information not fully known or understood, but stimulating; any conflicts in thinking; things forgotten or discarded in the thought process; experiences where ideas are interpreted differently by others; non-judgemental facets”

C. Problem-solving: as with B, above.
6. 1 Interview Guide:
6.1.3 pre-preparation notes
ACTUAL QUESTIONS:
Structured composite: Questions group 1: date of interview, age, gender, background, occupation, location you are in (example: lounge in apartment, city, country)

Loose composite: Questions group 2: Use your unique voice to answer the following (2) questions – – (personal experiences (who/what/when/why/how), discuss issues, provide expert comments – long as you like.

VIP: remember no ‘ums’. “create rapport… goodwill… eye contact” (p. 127) and”setting, seating arrangements the way the interviewer structured the conversation” (p. 127).

draft a plan of action and timing
locate interviewee contact details
plan initial meeting: date/time/place/write first questions
phone to arrange initial meeting and confirm
decide interviewer dress style for initial meeting
identify several possible date/time/place interview
pre-meeting practice. Rehearse and watch in mirror. Record
playback/listen to self. Note when smile, eye contact, active listening, posture
refine questions. Eliminate “ums”, “buts”.
adjust physical presentation
(King, 7 April, 2016).

6.1.4 initial meeting
To decide at initial meeting:
Type: friendly or rigid – to decide at initial meeting
Venue: before initial meeting
identify several locations/types choose possible times/dates – for interview
Tone: informal or formal – seating, space between parties?
Initial meeting:introductory meeting to gain information
– for interview structure. take notes
– phone or coffee
– handshake
– eye contact

During initial meeting:
ask “age, gender, background, occupation”
decide on venue – informal or formal – confirm
offer dates/times – confirm place/date/time of interview
(Putnis & Petelin, 1999).
Focus Closely on Set Task

6.1.4.1 In the meeting
the interviewee wore formal clothes
the interviewee matched the identified social context
background, cultural similarity/dissimilarity of parties became clear
the parties understood each other
their discussion provided information for interview guide and timing
interviewer refined the interview structure

6.1.4.2 Interviewer was focussed
used specific, pre-set questions
actively listened and managed obvious age disparity factors
offered confidentiality and transparently discussed use of material
gained all necessary authorities from interviewee
gained interviewee age/location/background/occupation data
recorded interviewee answers
decided on interview venue as initial meeting progressed

6.1.4.3 interviewee relaxed
seemed suited to dynamic structure planned for interview
agreed with interview date/time/place/length as suggested

6.2 Analysis
The interviewer listened carefully, stayed flexible, made many minor changes during the meeting. These observations prepared the way for the interview .

6.1.4. 4 Task focus:
The April, 2016 meeting settled interview arrangements with the busy interviewee. Active listening led to active thinking (Jarvey, Week 9, S1, 2016).

6.1.4.5 Overall benefits:
– mutual understanding between interviewee and interviewer
– positive interviewee response

6.1.4.6 Positive results: information obtained in the meeting
– enriched the interview guide
– helped refine the interviewer’s approach, and interview operation

6.1.5 Task
TASK: This report focuses on a communication analysis of an interview conducted with another person of your choosing. The content of the report is an analysis of the interview itself and what you have learnt about inter personal communication. You can include some reflection on your in terviewee’s response to the topic under discussion. The report will examine aspects of the interview such as non-verbal communication, questioning techniques, active listening skills and other points highlighted in the lectures.
Discussion topic: The internet: is it a force for good or evil?
Monday, 16 May, 2016

Maximise your interview: good communication 16 May, 2016

Small Business Online-nouse

susanneah, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Leave a comment

DESIGN RATIONALE
Today many factors impact on visual communications in Australia, a land where independent small businesses formerly flourished. In this huge continent the logic of e-business is not yet accepted by most Australians. The design rationale of this presentation is to convey information that may be useful to the Australian small-business sector.

Connolly, Norman & West say: “in 2011… around 95 per cent of the 2 million actively trading businesses in Australia… were small businesses” (2011, p. 3). Liz Colley says “in ten years time, the workforce and working environment will look nothing like it does today” (cited by SGS Economics & Planning, December 2013, p. 6). The type of change Colley describes is already apparent as only around 40 per cent of small businesses operate online while 95 per cent of large Australian businesses do (digitalbusiness.gov.au, 2 July 2013).

Shaw says: “ the means of communication have been transformed… global communications systems… dominated like most other economic fields by Western corporations with global reach” (cited by Beynon & Dunkerley, 2000, p. 186). However, Cassells Duncan, Abello , D’Souza & Nepal, say “Australians [are] industrious… are a nation of inventors, born in part through our isolation from the rest of the world” (October, 2012, p. 3). So, the specific target audience for the presentation is Australians of any ethnic background, involved in any type of small business.

More than half of small businesses are sole operators (Connolly, Norman & West, 2011, p. 3, and personal family experience, 1954-2014). These are busy people, so the design decision was to use standard business communication in-print format. This is predominantly white space with sparse written text designed for a relaxed tone.

For legibility the font choice is fresh, clean sans serif Helvetica Neue, 35/17/14 point, ‘thin’ weight. To help retain key facts, occasional words or phrases are enlivened with Comic Sans MS, mostly 26 point, weight bold, in bright, quirky, ‘non-business’ colour combinations. For example, on page 3 the colours “red, orange and yellow… called by Kalmus the warm or advancing colours” are featured throughout the page, as they “call forth sensations of excitement, activity” (cited by Dalle Vacche & Price, 2006, p. 26).

Australia, possibly now the country with the greatest ethnic diversity (Our Country Our People, 2014) is today a puzzling place. Paul Maginn (27 January 2013), says Western Australians will soon… [be] increasingly diverse in terms of their cultural background”. Good visuals can slice “through the clutter” (Langton and Campbell, 2011, p. 16) and a big part of the design is in the choice of illustrations, especially the wry initial graphics on page 2, (Fig. 1) and page 3 (Fig. 2),

Langton and Campbell say In this melting-pot society “clever” and credible visual designs can masterfully exhibit many goods and services. Effective visuals can “establish a unique voice and brand” (2011, p. 16). Graphics like the artistic English-language vowel, ‘A’ on page 8 (Fig. 4) and the surreal orange/apple photograph (Fig. 6) on page 9, work in today’s complicated “language context“ Featherstone, 2006), where concreteness no longer exists.

In 2013 the internet was an accepted major communication mode with more than 80 per cent of Australian households (potential customers) connected to the internet (Dane, Mason and O’Brien-MacInally, 2013, p 9). Yet, while the internet is now the main communication channel, only about 37 per cent of Australians “used the internet on a monthly basis or more to… buy goods” (p. 17). Yet, as Derewianka (1946) says, humans “are constantly learning language, learning through language, and learning about language” (p.3).

Today many Australian small businesses have, as Connolly, Norman & West say, “a higher degree of volatility… [than medium and large] businesses with more diversified customer bases” (2011, p. 8). The design rationale is to return to what Trilling (2001) explains are two of the “seven pairs” of the “framework for … visual appreciation”. These, “determinacy versus indeterminacy” and “comprehensibility versus complexity”. These are necessarily dialectic, as they continue to rely on each other (p. 11). Today they provide background for the “unfamiliar style” (p. 11). of current, and dynamic local and global visual communciations. As Shaw says:

Although less easily summarized… [and] intermeshing
with economic and political globalization, people are
coming to see their lives in terms of common expectations,
values and goals. These cultural norms include ideas of
standard of living, lifestyle, entitlements to welfare,
citizenship rights, democracy, ethnic and linguistic rights,
nationhood, gender equality environmental quality, etc.
Many of them have originated in the West, but they are
increasingly , despite huge differences in their meanings in
different social contexts, parts of the ways of life and of
political discourse across the world. In this sense, we can
talk of the emergence of a global culture.
(cited by Beynon and Dunkerley, 2004, p. 186)

Imagery can assist. On page 3, this image is from the cover of a recent best-selling novel for Western readers by an ethnic Chinese writer. The picture shows a gentle, Western-user-friendly ‘bird in a tree’ (Fig. 2) The written text reminds about other invaluable visual tools – like cross-cultural dictionaries. On page 6 (Fig. 3) is chosen to demonstrate how California, USA, like Australia, is now a global, world society, which as ‘the West’ no longer exists needs to develop a “unity of working and learning” (McCullough, 1996, p. 9).

One visual communications tool in this difficult new world is photography. Sturken &
Carwright (2001), explain the subjective and objective combine in photography, whose
“details… can show off textures ” (Langton and Campbell, 2011,p. 8). For example, with
Australia’s extraordinary range of climate and terrain and associated lifestyles, photography can, when “ top-notch… [increase] the perception of a premium product” (p. 21) and elicit heightened audience response.

For small businesses like B&Bs, boutique hotels, farm and home-stays, camping grounds, trekking, restaurants, cafes, bars, etcetera, images like the two ‘Vintage Trailer’ photographs (Figs. 6 & 7), page 8 can, as Lilly Schonwald says, quickly “show how the building looks from daybreak to nightfall.” Schonwald explains as designs are “based on the light and the air…[they relate] back to nature and its surroundings and how it changes during different time periods throughout the day” (cited by Langton and Campbell, 2011, p. 12).

The presentation is designed to assist Australia’s small business sector to understand how visual communications in business in Australia today are affected by current major social changes The design rationale focussed on Australia’s now diverse, ‘world’ local community and engaging small-business operators in a dialogue about the internets’ ability to deliver visual communications locally and globally. Instead it became a personal learning experience. This allowed me to gain some understanding of how to use PowerPoint. While the initial design decision was to link engaging illustrations and small functional blocks of text to present these complicated, and possibly new ideas, I am unsatisfied with my result.
REFERENCES
Beynon J, Dunkerley D. (Eds.) (2000). Globalization. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. From:
http://ecu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwY2BQSDMsjQxTO1MSlwTDVOt-
DRNSTQ2tTS2ANYlQJZJLnwhJmjlHK0dxNiYErNE2WQcXMNcfbQTU0ujYeOYcQnAWtZYxNg48JQjlEF2C901-WBQMDQGpr9ko8m0TjZwjNKCU1OcnEONnSMC01GQCYTiFd

Cassells R, Duncan A, Abello A, D’Souza G and Nepal B, (2012) Smart Australians: Education and Innovation in Australia, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report, Issue 32, October 2012, Melbourne, AMP. From:
http://www.natsem.canberra.edu.au/storage/AMP.NATSEM%2032%20Income%20and%20Wealth %20Report%20-%20Smart%20Australians.pdf
Connolly, E., Norman, D., & West, E. (2011). Small Business: An economic overview. From:
http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/d3310114.nsf/4a256353001af3ed4b2562bb00121564/ d291d673c4c5aab4ca257a330014dda2/$FILE/RBA%20Small%20Business%20An%20economic %20Overview%202012.pdf
Dalle Vacche, A. and Price, B. (Eds,) (2006). Colour: The film reader. New York, NY: Routledge.

Dane, S. K., Mason, C. M., and O’Brien-McInally, B. A. (2013).Household internet use in Australia: A study in regional communities. CSIRO Report: EP1310907. From: http://www.csiro.au/content/ps6d0

Derewianka, B. (1946 & 2000). Exploring how texts work. Newtown, Australia: PETA

Digital Business Online. (2 July 2013). ABS statistics. From: http://www.digitalbusiness.gov.au/2013/07/02/lat est-abs-statistics-many-australian-businesses-still-not-engaging-online/

Featherstone, M. (2006). Genealogies of the Global. Theory Culture Society 2006 23; 387 doi: 10. 1177/0263276406062704

Geoscience Australia. (2014). Australia’s size compared. From:
http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/geo-graphic-information/dimensions/australias-size-compared

Langton, D., and Campbell, A. (2011). 99 proven ways for small businesses to market with images and
design. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-Blackwell. From:
http://ecu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwY2BQMAZVEsBq2cwkJcXUMi01MR-
WYigxSkkzMUpKN0gxS4QsxQUPmSKW5mxADU2geKlOMm2uls4duanJpPHQMlz4PEDGypmJoZiD-
CzAfnGqBINCkkGacapRkpRmomFCBCes0i1NE9OM00BNpktlQzNjQGH2CCD

Maginn, P. (day/2014) Western Australia must embrace its new diversity. The Conversation. From:
http://theconversation.com/australian-census-booming-wiestern-australia-must-embrace-its-new-
diversity-7832
McCullouch, M. (1996). Abstracting Craft: The practiced digital hand. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.

Our Country Our People. (2014). From: http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/our-people.
SGS Economics & Planning. (December 2013). Valuing Australia’s Creative Industries. From:
http://www.creativeinnovation.net.au/ce_report/webapp/static/pdfs/CIIC-Valuing-Australias-Creative- Industries-2013.pdf
Sturken, M., and Cartwright, L. (2001). Practices of Looking: An introduction to visual culture. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Trilling, J. (2001). The Language of Ornament. London, England: Thames & Hudson Ltd.

Small Business Online-nouse

2014, CCA1108, for Presentation Guru-my thoughts for small business online

susanneah, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Leave a comment

 

DESIGN RATIONALE

Today many factors impact on visual communications in Australia, a land where independent small businesses formerly flourished. In this huge continent the logic of e-business is not yet accepted by most Australians. The design rationale of this presentation is to convey information that may be useful to the Australian small-business sector.

Connolly, Norman & West say: “in 2011… around 95 per cent of the 2 million actively trading businesses in Australia… were small businesses” (2011, p. 3). Liz Colley says “in ten  years time, the workforce and working environment will look nothing like it does today” (cited by SGS Economics & Planning, December 2013, p. 6). The type of change Colley describes is already apparent as only around 40 per cent of small businesses operate online while 95 per cent of large Australian businesses do (digitalbusiness.gov.au, 2 July 2013).

Shaw says: “ the means of communication have been transformed…  global communications systems…  dominated like most other economic fields by Western corporations with global reach” (cited by Beynon & Dunkerley, 2000, p. 186). However, Cassells  Duncan, Abello , D’Souza & Nepal, say “Australians [are] industrious… are a nation of inventors, born in part through our isolation from the rest of the world” (October, 2012, p. 3). So, the specific target audience for the presentation is Australians of any ethnic background, involved in any type of small business.

More than half of small businesses are sole operators (Connolly, Norman & West, 2011, p. 3, and personal family experience, 1954-2014). These are busy people, so the design decision was to use standard business communication in-print format. This is predominantly white space with sparse written text designed for a relaxed tone.

For legibility the font choice is fresh, clean sans serif  Helvetica Neue, 35/17/14 point, ‘thin’ weight. To help retain key facts, occasional words or phrases are enlivened with Comic Sans MS, mostly 26 point, weight bold, in bright, quirky, ‘non-business’ colour combinations. For example, on page 3 the colours “red, orange and yellow…  called by Kalmus the warm or advancing colours” are featured throughout the page, as they “call forth sensations of excitement, activity” (cited by Dalle Vacche & Price, 2006, p. 26).   

Australia,  possibly now the country with the greatest (recent) ethnic diversity (Our Country Our People, 2014) is today a puzzling place. Paul Maginn (27 January 2013), says Western Australians will soon… [be] increasingly diverse in terms of their cultural background”. Good visuals can slice “through the clutter” (Langton and Campbell, 2011, p. 16) and a big part of the design is in the choice of illustrations, especially the wry initial graphics on  page 2, (Fig. 1) and page 3 (Fig. 2),

Langton and Campbell say In this melting-pot society “clever” and credible visual designs can masterfully exhibit many goods and services. Effective visuals can “establish a unique voice and brand” (2011, p. 16). Graphics like the artistic English-language vowel, ‘A’ on page 8 (Fig. 4) and the surreal orange/apple photograph (Fig. 6) on page 9, work in today’s complicated “language context“ Featherstone, 2006), where concreteness no longer exists.

In 2013 the internet was an  accepted major communication mode with more than 80 per cent of Australian households (potential customers) connected to the internet (Dane, Mason and O’Brien-MacInally, 2013, p 9). Yet, while the internet is now the main communication channel, only about 37 per cent of Australians “used the internet on a monthly basis or more to… buy goods” (p. 17). Yet, as Derewianka (1946) says, humans “are constantly learning language, learning through language, and learning about language” (p.3).

Today many Australian small businesses have, as Connolly, Norman & West say, “a higher degree of volatility… [than medium and large] businesses with more diversified customer bases” (2011, p. 8). The design rationale is to return to what Trilling (2001) explains are two of the “seven pairs” of the “framework for … visual appreciation”. These, “determinacy versus indeterminacy” and “comprehensibility versus complexity”. These are necessarily dialectic, as they continue to rely on each other (p. 11). Today they provide background for the “unfamiliar style” (p. 11). of current, and dynamic local and global visual communications. As Shaw says:

Although less easily summarized… [and] intermeshing

with economic and political globalization, people are

coming to see their lives in terms of common expectations,

values and goals. These cultural norms include ideas of

standard of living, lifestyle, entitlements to welfare,

citizenship rights, democracy, ethnic and linguistic rights,

nationhood, gender equality environmental quality, etc.

Many of them have originated in the West, but they are

increasingly , despite huge differences in their meanings in

different social contexts, parts of the ways of life and of

political discourse across the world. In this sense, we can

talk of the emergence of a global culture.

(cited by Beynon and Dunkerley, 2004, p. 186)

Imagery can assist. On page 3, this image is from the cover of a recent best-selling novel for Western readers by an ethnic Chinese writer. The picture shows a gentle, Western-user-friendly ‘bird in a tree’ (Fig. 2) The written text reminds about other invaluable visual tools – like cross-cultural dictionaries. On page 6 (Fig. 3) is chosen to demonstrate how California, USA, like Australia, is now a global, world society, which as ‘the West’ no longer exists needs to develop a “unity of working and learning” (McCullough, 1996, p. 9).

One visual communications tool in this difficult new world is photography. Sturken &

Carwright (2001), explain the subjective and objective combine in photography, whose

“details…  can show off textures ” (Langton and Campbell, 2011,p. 8). For example, with

Australia’s extraordinary range of climate and terrain and associated lifestyles, photography can, when “ top-notch… [increase] the perception of a premium product” (p. 21) and elicit heightened audience response.

For small businesses like B&Bs, boutique hotels, farm and home-stays, camping grounds, trekking, restaurants, cafes, bars, etcetera, images like the two ‘Vintage Trailer’ photographs (Figs. 6 & 7), page 8 can, as Lilly Schonwald says, quickly “show how the building looks from daybreak to nightfall.” Schonwald explains as designs are “based on the light and the air…[they relate] back to nature and its surroundings and how it changes during different time periods throughout the day” (cited by Langton and Campbell, 2011, p. 12).

The presentation is designed to assist Australia’s small business sector to understand how visual communications in business in Australia today are affected by current major social changes  The design rationale focussed on Australia’s now diverse, ‘world’ local community and engaging small-business operators in a dialogue about the internets’ ability to deliver visual communications locally and globally.  Instead it became a personal learning experience. This allowed me to gain some understanding of how to use PowerPoint. While the initial design decision was to link engaging illustrations and small functional blocks of text to present these complicated, and possibly new ideas, I am unsatisfied with my result.

REFERENCES

Beynon J, Dunkerley D. (Eds.) (2000). Globalization. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. From:

http://ecu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwY2BQSDMsjQxTO1MSlwTDVOt-

DRNSTQ2tTS2ANYlQJZJLnwhJmjlHK0dxNiYErNE2WQcXMNcfbQTU0ujYeOYcQnAWtZYxNg48JQjlEF2C901-WBQMDQGpr9ko8m0TjZwjNKCU1OcnEONnSMC01GQCYTiFd

 

Cassells R, Duncan A, Abello A, D’Souza G and Nepal B, (2012) Smart Australians: Education and Innovation in Australia, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report, Issue 32, October 2012, Melbourne, AMP. From:

http://www.natsem.canberra.edu.au/storage/AMP.NATSEM%2032%20Income%20and%20Wealth %20Report%20-%20Smart%20Australians.pdf

 

Connolly, E., Norman, D., & West, E. (2011). Small Business: An economic overview. From:

http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/d3310114.nsf/4a256353001af3ed4b2562bb00121564/ d291d673c4c5aab4ca257a330014dda2/$FILE/RBA%20Small%20Business%20An%20economic %20Overview%202012.pdf

 

Dalle Vacche, A. and Price, B. (Eds,)  (2006). Colour: The film reader. New York, NY: Routledge.

 

Dane, S. K., Mason, C. M., and O’Brien-McInally, B. A. (2013).Household internet use in Australia: A study in regional communities. CSIRO Report: EP1310907. From:  www.csiro.au/content/ps6d0

 

Derewianka, B. (1946 & 2000). Exploring how texts work. Newtown, Australia: PETA

 

Digital Business Online. (2 July 2013). ABS statistics. From: http://www.digitalbusiness.gov.au/2013/07/02/lat est-abs-statistics-many-australian-businesses-still-not-engaging-online/

 

 Featherstone, M. (2006). Genealogies of the Global. Theory Culture Society 2006 23; 387 doi: 10. 1177/0263276406062704

 

Geoscience Australia. (2014). Australia’s size compared. From:

http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/geo-graphic-information/dimensions/australias-size-compared

 

Langton, D., and Campbell, A. (2011). 99 proven ways for small businesses to market with images and

design. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-Blackwell. From:

http://ecu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwY2BQMAZVEsBq2cwkJcXUMi01MR-

WYigxSkkzMUpKN0gxS4QsxQUPmSKW5mxADU2geKlOMm2uls4duanJpPHQMlz4PEDGypmJoZiD-

CzAfnGqBINCkkGacapRkpRmomFCBCes0i1NE9OM00BNpktlQzNjQGH2CCD

Maginn, P. (day/2014) Western Australia must embrace its new diversity. The Conversation. From:

http://theconversation.com/australian-census-booming-wiestern-australia-must-embrace-its-new-

diversity-7832

McCullouch, M. (1996). Abstracting Craft: The practiced digital hand. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.

  

Our Country Our People. (2014). From: http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/our-people. 

SGS Economics & Planning. (December 2013). Valuing Australia’s Creative Industries. From:

http://www.creativeinnovation.net.au/ce_report/webapp/static/pdfs/CIIC-Valuing-Australias-Creative- Industries-2013.pdf

Sturken, M., and Cartwright, L. (2001). Practices of Looking: An introduction to visual culture. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Trilling, J. (2001). The Language of Ornament. London, England: Thames & Hudson Ltd.

2014, CCA1108, for Presentation Guru-my thoughts for small business online